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Kerala, is a state in the southernmost part of India. Kerala, with appreciative development indicators comparable to developed countries, has been experimenting with decentralization and participatory local democracy, ultimately aimed at realization of the constitutional goal of establishing genuine "institutions of local self government" since the enactment of Kerala Panchayat Raj Act & The Kerala Municipality Act in the year 1994. The acts laid the provision of a three tier system of Panchayat for the first time in the village, block and district level in the rural areas and one tier system of urban local government such as Municipality in the less urbanized areas or Municipal Corporation in the more urbanized areas. Local governments were vested with the powers and responsibilities of economic development and social justice in their respective areas.Panchayats and the Municipalities altogether constitute the Local Government System of Kerala state in the Indian federal system (). ==The framework== Kerala has 978 Village Panchayats (Grama panchayats), 152 Block Panchayats and 14 District Panchayats; in the urban areas it has 60 Municipalities and 5 Corporations, a total of 1209 Local Self Government Institutions. The President of the Panchayat Raj Institutions(PRIs) has been declared as the executive authority. The senior most officials of various departments brought under the control of the Panchayat Raj Institutions have been declared as ex-officio Secretaries for that subject. The Panchayats have full administrative control including powers of disciplinary action over its own staff as well as staff transferred to it. To encourage a healthy relationship between officials and elected Members, the Act prescribes a code of conduct that lays down principles of polite behavior, respect for elected authorities, and protection of the freedom of the civil servant to render advice freely and fearlessly. All these features are there in the Kerala Municipality Act as well. The Kerala Panchayat Raj Act and Kerala Municipalities Act 1994 were thoroughly restructured in 1999 and several innovative features laying strong legal foundation for evolving genuine institutions of Local Self Government were built in. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Local governance in Kerala」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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